語言與社會
伟德国际1916备用网址天平學院 商務英語1721 高梓陽
Language and Society
Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology
Business English 1721, Gao Ziyang
語言折射社會發展的軌迹，中國曆史上每一次大的社會變革，都會湧現出一大批新詞語。語言屬于社會現象，語言是随着社會的發展而發展的。詞彙是語言中最活躍的因素，社會的變革、科技的發展、人們思維的活躍和觀念的更新，都會在語言的詞彙中很快地反映出來，突出表現是新詞新義新用法的大量出現。遠的不說，就從上一個世紀來看，“五四”前後、建國初期和改革開放以來，分别是新詞語出現的三個高峰。如近年來随着網絡這一新事物的出現，跟網絡有關的新詞語就出現了一大串，像因特網、電子郵件、網站、網校、網址、網頁、網絡犯罪等，這些是語言與社會共變的最好例證。
Language reflects the trail of the social development and every great revolution to the society in the history of China has brought a number of new words. Language belongs to social phenomenon and changes with the development of the community. Lexis is the most active element of the language, because social changes, scientific and technological developments, people’s thinking concepts and new ideas are quickly reflected in the words. The outstanding performance is the emergence of a large number of new words, new meanings and new usages. Far to say , as can be seen in the last century, there are 3 peaks of the generation of the new terms－the May 4th Movement in1919 ,the beginning of the Peoples Republic of China and reform and opening up respectively. For example, with the coming of the Internet in recent years, some expressions related with the web get into people’s life. Like the Internet, e-mail, website, online school, web pages, cybercrimes and so on. These are the best proofs of the co-evolution of language and society.
語言是社會的一面鏡子，社會發生了很大變化，語言不可能是無動于衷的，不可能還是保持原樣的。語言還可以幫助強化一種觀念，甚至強化一種意識形态，所以無論是保守的還是革命的，都分别以不同方式來利用語言。像法國大革命時期，月份名稱都改了，因為他們覺得名稱代表了一種傳統的力量，代表了一種君王、貴族的象征，所以語言本身也是有力量的。社會變遷無疑會給語言帶來變化，社會上猛然接受了很多新的信息，肯定會在語言上有所體現。有時社會變遷帶來了很多新的信息，新的信息裡的一部分可以用老詞彙來體現，但有時我們隻能用新詞彙來表達部分新信息。因此，可以說，語言與社會是緊密相聯的。
Language is a mirror of the society. Language will not maintain the same way or keeps unchanged when the society undergoes great changes. Language can also help strengthen an idea or a kind of awareness, whether it is conservative or revolutionary, it uses its own language in different ways. As during the period of French Revolution, even the names of the months were changed, because they thought that the name represented a kind of traditional force and it was a symbol of sovereignty and aristocracy. So the language itself is powerful. It is no doubt that the social development will bring changes to languages. The community will suddenly be full of new information which will be reflected in the language. Sometimes social transition brings a great deal of new information, in which can be represented by the old phrases, but sometimes we can only use the new expressions to convey some new ideas. Thus, it can be said that language is closely related with the society.
